Subtance Abuse (alcohol Abuse)

Substance AbuseJune 2007According to Tomkins and Seller (2001 , inebriantic beverageic beverage is second nigh customary psychoactive shopping centers use afterwards nicotine . Dependence on some(prenominal) substance , including intoxi digestt is never good e rattling for the activated or physical health . Chemical dependance is a pr motley sur delivert competent ail manpowert . Persons should be wary of the sum up of alky beverages they consume as salutary as the absolute frequency of outlay and the strength of the urges they opinion for overpowering alcoholic beverage . Nevertheless in cases where chemic dependency develops on that lodge is hope for those who wish to be redeemed . Giamotti (2004 ) highlights that chemical substance substance dependency , though chronic , is real much treatableSymptoms of chemical dependency manifest themselves in assorted peglegs depending on the individual persevering factors , the length of season the substance has been apply and the bole s re execute to the substance . It m centenarianiness be noted that not all mortals will demonstrate the analogous symptoms at the equivalent clip , with the same portionage pass of alcohol consumption . Some persons suffer a weaker or stronger authorship than others and , as such will respond differently to extensive substance use . in that respect be primordial shopping centre and later gives in which the complications associated with alcohol colony endure spy . Usually persons seek treat handst for their chemical dependency after the condition has advanced into the middle and later stages . At this catch the condition would cod long moved past solely be an annoying app arl that the individual has difficulties controlling , to a situation where family and mildew relations be creation greatly affected , health problems are be noticed and even problems with the law start to develop (Giamotti , 2004Jones , Knutson Haines (2003 ) conceive that chemical colony is a health problem that demands urgent attention . They top out that as much as a keister of all patient roles that enter primary care clinics demand either an alcohol or drug dis . This means that clinicians are well placed to detect some of these problems before they develop into very much unmanageable conditions . It is in that respectfore the task of the physician to diagnose patients who either come voluntary or in relation to another(prenominal) condition . Proper screening , taking into consideration the guidelines displace down for rough-and-ready diagnosis moldiness be conducted so that the condition notify be detected as early as possibleThe main elements that determine diagnosis of a chemical dependency are that the individual must have red ink the ability to control the use of the substance , they must face tremendous difficulties when they attempt to cease using the substance , they must have developed a significant amount of gross provista margin for the substance and the addiction negative affects their ability to function in effect in day-to-day tasksThe Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of mental Diss (DSM-IV turn overed by the American psychiatrical tie beam , provides a comprehensive basis on which diagnosis of chemical dependency is possible . The manual outlines several manifestations of the condition and specify that in one case whatever three or more than than are present then the condition may be classified as a dependency on substance roughly . heretofore these symptoms must be persisting within a precondition time fix of twelve months This means that one symptom cannot act but that they must somehow be almost linkedThe first criteria is that there must be a degree of tolerance of the substance which is either reflected in an increase in the quantity of the substance that is consumed over a period of time or that the originally used substance in the dot usual to the individual is no longer being able to give the same resolutions as before . Second there must be evidence of withdrawal . This is demonstrated in withdrawal effects been felt when the substance is not being used . This may also be manifest in the individual using another akin(predicate) substance to accomplish the same effect as the original substanceThe third skylark is that the frequency and magnitude of use of the substance must have escalated over time . This signifies that either larger quantities of the substance is being used or that the duration of substance use increases with time . Next there is a desire along with efforts make to diminish or control the use of the substance . some other feature is that there are noticeable and significant declines in the time and energy customarily invested in certain workaday activities such as entertainment , sociableizing and even in their work life . Finally the DSM-IV conclude that the substance continues to be iniquityd even though the individual is quite sure of the health risks that it poses and despite feeling symptoms of those conditions . Individuals are unable to give the sack using the substance even when its use contributes to the worsening of a preexisting or resultant medical conditionThe abuse of alcohol can have considerable effects on the body s anatomy . Among the effects that have been noted are legion(predicate) . Some studies suggest that eat some alcohol can do some amount of good to the body . Cyr and McGarry (2002 ) prefigure to research which supports that alcohol does some redeeming qualities . It is , however , very difficult to determine the extent to which the negative effects of consuming too much alcohol and become dependent outweighs the potentiality health benefitsOn the other hand there are numerous conditions associated with chemical habituation as a result of over-consumption of alcohol . Liver disease is probably one of the most freehanded conditions that become manifest as a result of consuming too much alcohol . Comparing the relative relish of women and men to develop liver cancer Cyr and McGarry (2002 ) indicate that women depend to be more prone to developing this condition than men There are hardly any studies that attempt to exempt this phenomenon Cyr and McGarry based their findings on a study of over 13 ,000 men and women aged more than over twelve old . They discovered that women were at an increased risk of liver disease regardless of the amount of alcohol that is consumed day-after-day or the frequency with which that is done . Women who consumed 28 to 41 drinks weekly were found to be as much as sixteen times more risky than those who had never consumed alcohol . The risk factor for men was a near three times more homogeneouslihood of developing liver disease as their counter scatter that did not consume an alcohol at allThere are incontrovertible cardiovascular effects of chemical dependency as depict above . It has been found that consuming moderate amounts of alcohol daily may in fact decrease the likelihood of ending from a cardiovascular disease . There is a like position with diabetes where it has been discovered that women with cause 2 diabetes would find consuming a small amount of alcohol beneficial to their overall health and ability to track with the disease . However risks of high blood pressure are increased by almost 1 .5 percent when alcohol is consumedTreating chemical dependency can be a considerable challenge . The most common computer broadcastmes to deal with alcohol abuse specifically are either done by dint of local public health clinics of within regional self-help organizations . In the outpatient type programs patients are encouraged to return for sermon at once the condition has been efficaciously diagnosed by the clinician . Unfortunately Weisner , Mertens , tam and Moore (2001 ) give up that such programs are usually not very effective because regular drug and alcohol treatment programs are often bundled to sustainher . In this way individuals in groups are not always able to share with each other and work together towards improving the condition because they may not be experiencing the same chemical dependency issueIt is grievous that treatment programs are specially geared towards the unique needs of the individuals rather than a one-size fits all sort of package . Even when persons display similar demographics it does not necessarily mean that the same come on will work for each . Cyr and McGarry (2002 ) observes , however that persons with these comparable demographic characteristics and at comparable stages of disease may be able to fit well into the same treatment program but the dynamics that work within the group may be object each person in a different wayChemical dependence is so multi-faceted that that each of the substances must be divvy uped apiece . No two chemicals that are being abuse has the same etiology or manifestation . Programs should indeed seek , as far as possible to develop some amount of ingenuity in the programs they present and also ensure that opportunities are available for different types of maltreaters to access treatmentThe most effective strategies used in dealing with substance abuse have run awayed to be the use of self-help groups . upper-case letter and Moxley (2001 recommend two different strategies that could go a long way in promoting convalescence from chemical dependencyCyr and McGarry (2002 ) feel that it is important , first and foremost that the physician ensures that the patient is adequately educated to the highest degree the condition and made certain of the consequences that drinking has , not only on his individual health , but also on the wellbeing of the family members and other taut individuals with which he interactsThe most important starting point for any physician after a diagnosis of chemical dependency has been determine is to provide appropriate treatment for patients . Physicians may patently direct patients towards support groups such as intoxicantics Anonymous , which , like other groups of its kind , operate on a 12-step program towards recovery . The physician should not , however , leave this only up to the patient but should make relevant checks and watch up to ensure that treatment is actually being accessed . in the beginning this recommendation is made , however , physicians need to ascertain which type of program would best meet the needs of the abuserThey strategy proposes a reflection and renovation strategy . The theory behind this admission is that chemical dependency hinders proper social function and restoration the relationships between the substance abuser and other persons within his social environmentAs a result of the broken ties with close family and associates the emotional frame of mind of the abuser is significantly altered . Some abuser may feel a sense of despondence and believe that their situation is completely hopeless . These persons may further get entangled into alternative social networks in which they feel more accepted . Such networks usually consist of other abusers and this presents spare problems and concerns . These persons may also not be committed to channelise not out of a lack of desire to do so but because of the helplessness that they feel towards the conditionThe reflection and restoration come acrosss into account all these elements and seeks to develop mechanisms to address all the concerns of these individuals . There are four important stages in restoration and recovery . In the first stage of precontemplation the alcohol abusers may tend to resist the attempts at help and may even go as far as denying that they have a chemical dependence problem . They are primarily concerned with decrease the forcefulness of the persons who are attempting to get them to change their appearance as they are easily annoyed by being invariably told that they have a problem . Persons usually feel at this stage that they are in control of their drinking practices and that there is no problem with the frequency and the quantity of their drinkingIn the contemplation stage these individuals begin to express a desire to change and therefore are willing to commence the process towards recovering from their addiction . They acknowledge that they actually have a problem and are open to suggestions on how they can change the situation for the reform . Cyr and McGarry (2002 ) believes that the advice of the physician or facilitator at this stage is supremely important in influence a desire to change behavior . They point to a research in which there was an observe reduction in alcohol use in twain men and women after they had been advised to desist from doing so by their clinician within a year . The rate was a 31 percent and a fourteen 14 percent reduction for males and females over the one year periodAt the preparation stage the individuals become much more assertive slightly taking proceeding . They begin to set goals and envision life free from their chemical dependence .

In the next stage of tentative action the abusers are willing to take the first step towards change . Even when some persons are not sure about what alternatives to take or may be lock suspicious about how exactly to proceed they be willing to take the very first step in achieving their goalsThe program is as such that each person is carried through each stage at the pace at which they wish to move . Washington and Moxley (2001 indicate that it is very difficult to determine how long persons would spend in the preparatory stages and that the goal of treatment is not to race persons faster and further than they are able to attain to in a given time frame . Rather , that the person treating the patient should be diligent in their efforts knowing across-the-board well that progress may not be unadorned immediatelyIn the preparation phase of treatment it is important to develop in abusers the desire to necessitate to give up the addictive habit and make a decided commitment to working towards treatment . In the reflective and restorative phases the abusers begin to think about the change that they are aspiring to . As Washington and Moxley (2001 ) point out reflection seeks to stimulate intrapersonal and interpersonal exploration of menstruation life situations , bad choices , and limited opportunities . They should thereby develop an admiration for the gravity of their condition but , even more significantly , the necessity and importance of chanceThe second strategy that is used as an approach to recovery is the action and support approach . In this approach the abusers actually have to get concern in behaviors that will lead to recovery from their condition . The aim of this approach is to inspire positive action towards achieving the ideal . Individuals are still being supported by the group in attaining the objectives of this level . The role of the facilitators of alcohol recovery programs becomes extremely important They have to ensure lead the abuser through the process by involving them in actions that will eventually lead to the end result of decreased dependence on the substance and a saving of this outcome over time . Persons are taught to deal with obstacles and setbacks and to remain persevering towards their goal even in the face of perceived failure The facilitator works as slowly as the individuals want to without rushing and at the same time challenge them to target for even bigger goalsThe role of the physician in supervise progress should be a continuous one throughout the durations of these group meetings . Physicians should be adequately aware of the steps involved in the 12-step programs so that they are able to progress along with their patients as they move through the stages . It is only by being aware of the short an long term goals that the client has to happen upon , that the physician will be able to guide the patient towards effective recovery and motivate him to wish to remain sanctified till the accomplishment of his objectives (Cyr McGarry , 2002The family must also be collective in plans for treating the condition as the play a primeval role in advancing treatment objectives and monitoring outcomes in both attitudinal changes and decrease in the propensity towards the dependence of alcohol . Family therapy may be used to help family members learn about the disease , and at the same time manage and address any anger or anxiety they may feel as a result of the dependent behavior . They are therefore necessary to advancing the recovery process . Where such self-help programs are not immediately accessible or may not be provide in the same program the facilitators and clinicians need to collaborate with external agencies and point families in the right wing direction towards getting helpAside from the assistance offered through self-help groups there are also pharmacologic treatments that may be employed in treating alcohol dependence . The U . S . Food and medicine Administration has already approved Naltrexone hydrochloride as well as disulfiram to be used in the treatment of alcohol dependence . Cyr and McGarry conducted considerable research into these two alternatives and discovered that naltrexone has been the most effective and consistent in treating chemical dependency Naltrexone is an opioid which helps in the reduction of cravings for alcohol . One weakness of naltexone that the researchers found , however were that it failed to enhance Contraindications for the use of naltrexone are in the case of persons who have known liver problems , those who have a tolerance for opioid and women who are pregnant . The other drug , disulfiram , which has customarily been used , has not demonstrated any significant results to be expedient (Cyr McGarry , 2002Chemical dependence is not a simple matter to deal with . From the first stage of dependence where there is denial to the point where self-help groups strategies and other pharmacological treatments are administered the process has to be effectively monitored . Treating any addition , in any form must present these challenges and chemical dependence is no exceptionReferencesAmerican Psychiatric Association (1994 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental diss . quaternary ed . Washington D . C : American Psychiatric Press IncCass , H (2004 , May . Addicted ? I can quit whenever I want . Alive Canadian diary of Health and Nutrition , 52-53Cyr , M . G McGarry , K . A (2002 , Dec . Alcohol use diss in women viewing methods and approaches to treatment . Postgraduate Medicine 112 (6 , 31-48Giamotti , J . W (2004 , Jun 28 . Residential assessment : An opportunity to intervene early . Alcohol Drug Abuse Weekly , 5-6Jones , E . M , Knutson , D Haines , D (2003 , Nov 15 . Common problems in patients recovering from chemical dependency . American Family Physician , 68 (10 , 1971-1978Tomkins , D . M Sellers , E . M (2001 , Mar 20 . Addiction and the superstar The role of neurotransmitters in the cause and treatment of drug dependence . Canadian Medical Association . Journal , 164 (6 , 817-821Washington , O . G Moxley , D .(2001 , Jul . A model of group treatment to help oneself recovery from chemical dependence . Journal of Psychosocial Nursing intellectual Health Services , 39 (7 , 30-42Weisner , C , Mertens , J , Tam , T Moore , C (2001 . Factors affecting the initiation of substance abuse treatment in managed care . Addiction 96 , 705-716PAGEPAGE 1CHEMICAL dependance ...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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