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Friday, March 22, 2013

Stylistics and Lexicology

1. gibe Construction
Parallel construction is a device which whitethorn be encountered not so much in the curse as in the macro-structures dealt with earlier, viz. the SPU and the paragraph. The necessary condition in parallel construction is identical, or similar, syntactical structure in two or more sentences or parts of a sentence in close succession, as in:
there were, ..., real silver spoons to stir the tea with, and real china cups to drink it out of, and plates of the same to hold the cakes and toast in. (Dickens)
Parallel constructions are often backed up by repeating of words (lexical repeat) and partnerships and prepositions (polysyndeton). Pure parallel construction, however, does not depend on any other kind of repetition but the repetition of the syntactical design of the sentence. Parallel constructions may be overtone or complete. Partial parallel arrangement is the repetition of more or less parts of successive sentences or clauses, as in:
It is the rabble that labour in your fields and serve in your housesâ€"that globe your navy and recruit your army,â€"that have enabled you to defy all the world, and fecal matter also defy you when neglect and calamity have drive them to despair.

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(Byron)
The attributive clauses here all begin with the subordinate conjunction that which is followed by a verb in the same form, except the know (have enabled). The verbs, however, are followed either by adverbial modifiers of place (in your fields, in your houses] or by direct objects (your navy, your army). The third attributive clause is not built on the pattern of the first two, although it continue the parallel structure in general (that+verb-predicate+object), while the poop has broken ^away entirely.
Complete parallel arrangement, also called balance, maintains the prescript of identical structures throughout the corresponding sentences, as in:
The seeds ye put â€" another reaps,
The robes ye weaveâ€"another wears,
The arips ye forge â€" another bears.
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